Pressure Injuries

What is a pressure injury and how is it caused?

A pressure ulcer or sore is when the skin and underlying tissue become damaged. A pressure injury forms when the skin is pressed against a bone, and also by rubbing or friction caused by the use of medical devices such as respiratory or tubing devices. Individuals who are bedridden or in wheelchairs are at risk of developing pressure injuries due to extended periods of time spent sitting or lying down. This immobility may be due to paralysis, sedation or other health conditions that can increase the risk of pressure injury development. Pressure injuries can be very painful, scar and slow to heal. When left untreated and depending on their severity, they may require months of medical treatment or a person to become hospitalized.

Where can pressure injuries form?

Pressure injuries can form all over the body including:

Back
Hipbone
Heels
Behind the knees and ankles for those in wheelchairs
Shoulder blades
Elbows
Back of the head
Spine

How can pressure injuries be prevented?

Pressure injuries are a concern not only for patients but also their caregivers and healthcare providers. It’s important to implement safety precautions, proper skin care and comprehensive risk assessments to help prevent pressure injuries from forming. Knowing the risks and promoting safety standards help to identify these injuries early before they become worse.

Preventative actions include:

Practice good nutrition
Drink plenty of water and ensure proper hydration
Maintain proper skin hygiene
Manage incontinence
Keep your ulcer clean from urine and stool
Encourage mobility by sitting upright, repositioning and turning multiple times a day
Choose the correct size medical device or equipment that fits properly
Pad and protect vulnerable areas
Educate patients, caregivers, and clinicians about how to identify key factors for pressure injuries
Follow your doctor’s instructions